Dialysis medications: What they do, what to watch forIf you need dialysis, various medications can help you maintain your quality of life. Here's an overview.
Dialysis is an artificial way to remove waste products and extra fluid from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do so on their own. If you need dialysis — either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis — your doctor will prescribe various medications to help you maintain the highest quality of life.
Here's a list of medications commonly prescribed for people receiving dialysis. The medications your doctor prescribes for you may vary depending on the circumstances.
Anti-itching medicationsCommon choices: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril).
Why you need them: To control or reduce the itching that may occur due to dry skin or a high phosphorus level.
Precautions: If you take antihistamines during hemodialysis, arrange for someone else to drive you home. Antihistamines can cause sleepiness.
Blood thinnersCommon choices: Heparin sodium (Heparin), warfarin (Coumadin).
Why you need them: To prevent blood clots in the hemodialysis machine, access point and tubing or to keep the peritoneal catheter free of fibrin — the protein formed during normal blood clotting. If fibrin builds up in the peritoneal catheter, it can block the flow of dialysis fluid into and out of your abdomen.
Precautions: If you're injured, tell the emergency team that you're taking blood thinners.
Blood pressure medicationsCommon choices: Atenolol (Tenormin), captopril (Capoten), losartan (Cozaar), benazepril (Lotensin), clonidine (Catapres).
Why you need them: To control your blood pressure.
Precautions: If you're receiving hemodialysis, ask your doctor when to take your blood pressure medication. You may need to wait until after your treatment.
Calcium supplementsCommon choices: Calcium acetate (PhosLo), calcium carbonate (Tums, Os-Cal 250, others).
Why you need them: To control the level of calcium in your blood and promote strong bones.
Precautions: For proper absorption, take calcium supplements between meals. Don't take calcium and iron supplements together.
ErythropoietinCommon choices: Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit), darbepoetin (Aranesp).
Why you need it: To stimulate your bone marrow to produce new red blood cells, which helps prevent anemia.
Iron supplementsCommon choices: Ferrous sulfate (Feosol, Slow Fe, others).
Why you need them: To increase the amount of iron in your bloodstream, which helps assure the production of red blood cells.
Precautions: For proper absorption, take iron supplements between meals. Don't take iron and calcium supplements together.
MultivitaminsCommon choices: Water-soluble multiple vitamins with folic acid (Dialyvite, Nephro-Vite).
Why you need them: To restore vitamins removed by dialysis.
Precautions: Take only the specific vitamin supplements your doctor prescribes.
Phosphate bindersCommon choices: Calcium acetate (PhosLo), sevelamer (Renagel).
Why you need them: To prevent the buildup of phosphorus in your blood. Too much phosphorus draws calcium from your bones and may lead to dangerous calcium deposits in your blood vessels, lungs, eyes and heart.
Precautions: Take phosphate binders with meals so that the medication can bind with the phosphorus in your food.
SedativesCommon choices: Zolpidem (Ambien), alprazolam (Xanax).
Why you need them: To manage restlessness, anxiety or difficulty sleeping.
Precautions: To avoid dependency, take sedatives exactly as prescribed.
Stool softeners and laxativesCommon choices: Docusate sodium (Colace), polyethylene glycol 3550 (MiraLax), bisacodyl (Dulcolax).
Why you need them: To manage constipation.
Precautions: Avoid laxatives or enemas containing magnesium or phosphorus. These substances will be absorbed into your bloodstream.
Vitamin D supplementsCommon choices: Paricalcitol (Zemplar), calcitriol (Calcijex, Rocaltrol), doxercalciferol (Hectorol).
Why you need them: To improve your body's ability to absorb calcium and manage levels of parathyroid hormone.
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From:
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dialysis/DA00134